The Central Limit Theorem Essay Example for Free

The Central Limit Theorem Essay The Central Limit Theorem for a Mean express that for an irregular example of size n from a populace with mean  µ and standard deviation ? , as the example size builds the dispersion of the example mean methodologies an ordinary appropriation with mean  µ and standard deviation . Then again, if the populace is typical, the circulation of the example mean is ordinary paying little mind to test size (Doane Seward, 2007). Presently, assume an arbitrary example of size n is taken from a populace with mean 100 and standard deviation 10. The inspecting mistake or standard blunder of mean for tests of n = 1, n = 4, n = 9, n = 16, n = 25, n =100 will be For n = 1, For n = 1, For n = 1, For n = 1, For n = 1, For n = 1, From above it very well may be considered that to be the example size expands, the examining mistake decreases. Further, the histogram (whenever plotted) of tests implies approaches an ordinary conveyance. Consequently, while on can't dispose of testing mistake the outcomes from one’s measurable work can be as yet valuable as the inspecting blunder will be less for bigger example size. References: Doane D. P. Seward L. E. (2007). Applied Statistics in Business and Economics. McGraw-Hill/Irwin: New York DQ2-WK3 What is the distinction between an example and a populace? When can a similar data (e. g. the age of every one of the ten understudies in our group) be viewed as both example information and populace information? An example includes taking a gander at certain things from the populace. For instance, if a review is to be taken from understudy of XYZ College for their decisions, than the populace will be comprise of taking study of the considerable number of understudies in XYZ College and an example will be taking study for just a portion of the understudies chosen dependent on examining strategy. For little populace, there is pretty much nothing (or no) motivation to test. Correspondingly, if the information are on plate, than 100% of the cases can be inspected effectively (Doane Seward, 2007). Hence, a similar data can be viewed as both example information and populace information if the populace is little or can be taken effectively with no extra expense for examination reason. For instance, in a class of 30 understudies, if the normal age is to be resolved, than the populace is whole class that is each of the 30 understudies. For this situation, the populace is little; along these lines, there is no compelling reason to test and hence, the age of every one of the 30 understudies can be viewed as both example information and populace information. References: Doane D. P. Seward L. E. (2007). Applied Statistics in Business and Economics. McGraw-Hill/Irwin: New York DQ3-WK3 When might you use ANOVA at your work environment, in your instruction, or in legislative issues? If you don't mind share the WORDS that would lead you to the invalid speculation for a particular and straightforward model and, at that point, show the invalid and elective theory in images. Investigation of difference (ordinarily alluded to as ANOVA) is utilized for correlation of multiple methods at the same time and to follow wellsprings of variety to possible informative components (Doane Seward, 2007). For instance, if test information for 15 days of assembling deformity rates for car parts produced at four plant areas is gathered (or accessible). Than, ANOVA can be utilized to respond to addresses, for example, are the watched contrasts in the plants’ test mean deformity rates just because of arbitrary variety? On the other hand, are the watched contrasts between the plants’ imperfection rates too extraordinary to even consider being credited to risk? This can be composed as invalid and exchange theory as , I. e. at all four plants mean imperfection rate are the equivalent. , I. e. in any event one mean varies from the other. Presently, if the invalid speculation isn't dismissed than it very well may be presumed that the perceptions inside every treatment or gathering really have a typical mean ? (on the same page). References: Doane D. P. Seward L. E. (2007). Applied Statistics in Business and Economics. McGraw-Hill/Irwin: New York

Written Evaluation of a Patient Education Tool for an adult with an Essay

Composed Evaluation of a Patient Education Tool for a grown-up with an intense or ceaseless change in wellbeing status - Essay Example There are, in any case, numerous relevant devices for understanding training and the qualities of each apparatus along with its favorable circumstances and burdens and the idea of the objective patient or patient populace are instrumental in deciding appropriateness of patient instruction device. A patient’s age or education level, for instance, decides adequacy of an instrument towards mindfulness creation. The point of this paper is to assess a present utilized for understanding instruction for a grown-up with asthma. Presentation of the apparatus: Handout A hand out alludes to a composed material, in a print design, which is offered to a crowd of people for nothing out of pocket. It targets conveying intentional data to the crowd and is thusly crowd explicit. It is a regularly applied device in persistent training and is appropriated at vital focuses in social insurance offices. Gifts are significantly expected to make mindfulness, among patients, on preventive and the boar d techniques for wiping out sicknesses or dealing with their effects and the administration perspective is instrumental to grown-up patients with constant infections on the grounds that their conditions requires viable, and for proficiency, confident administrative methodologies. The archive, ‘Asthma’s impacts on the country: Data from the CDC national asthma control program,’ is a case of present that encourages mindfulness on asthma, a ceaseless ailment. The present is wrote by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a national office in the branch of wellbeing in the USA. It is accessible in the web yet can without much of a stretch be gotten to in print structure and spread to target crowd, for example, chaperons to a wellbeing care’s division of ceaseless illnesses or in discussion spaces for asthma patients (IHS, n.d.; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.). The tool’s configuration joins illustrations with hues and pictures that encourage its viability by drawing and holding audience’s consideration. It further recognizes significant focuses by segregating them in side boxes and utilizing numerical and symbolism portrayals to recognize them. The freebee additionally speaks to data in summed up point structures and this distinguishes lucidity towards powerful correspondence of the expected message. It is additionally moderately concise and is sorted out into headings. While it’s short length dodges tedium and in this way takes into consideration crowd fixation in perusing the whole report, association of data by titles that are additionally imprinted in intense recognizes the tool’s content and in this way encourage the proposed instructive goal for each area. The handout’s level of exactness likewise distinguishes its effectiveness on the grounds that the bulleted focuses are prominent. The tool’s content characterizes asthma, and recognizes side effects, known cause s, and its centrality in the general public. It further investigates methodologies for forestalling and overseeing asthmatic conditions and hazard factors. The gift further investigates the extent of asthma in the general public by looking at level of mindfulness and dynamic cooperation in the executives activities among youngsters and grown-ups (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.). Target group The device is fitting for the grown-up populace that is proficient and is objective. Despite the fact that it is explicit on a kind of malady, asthma, the present is proper for the whole proficient populace on account of its hugeness to both the individuals who are experiencing the interminable ailment, and the individuals who are influenced by the illness. The influenced populace incorporates relatives of the individuals who experience the ill effects of this issue and they may infer adequate information for assisting asthma patients with managing their conditions successfully . A similar noteworthiness applies to companions and even the general public and takes into account help

Master the TOEFL Independent Essay (2019)

Master the TOEFL Independent Essay (2019) Heres how the TOEFL Independent Essay works:It is the second writing question on the TOEFLYou will be given 30 minutes to respond to a short questionThe question will ask you to state your opinion on a topic likely related to education, work or life in modern society.Most students should write between 380 and 400 words.Styles of QuestionsThere are three main styles of TOEFL independent essay questions in 2019. They look like this:Agree/Disagree StyleDo you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be required to follow strict rules set by their parents. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Donotuse memorized examples.Multiple Choice StyleEveryone faces challenges they have difficulty overcoming. These challenges are often related to our school life, our family life or our academic life. What do you think is the best way to deal with a problem that is difficult to solve?asking someone with more experience for helpfinding more information abou t the problem using the Internetdiscussing the issue with a close friendtaking a long time to think about the problemUse specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Make sure to use your own words. Donotuse memorized examples.Preference StyleThere are many different styles of classes at schools nowadays. Some students prefer classes where they interact with their teacher and with other students in debates and group assignments. Others prefer classes where they just listen to their teacher speak.Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Make sure to use your own words. Donot use memorized examples.Note that the multiple choice and preference type questions are very long these days. Older guides to the test give very short example questions. Dont be surprised if you get a long question!Note also that none of the following question types are used these days in the TOEFL independent essay: giving advice, compare and contrast, give the chara cteristics of X, describe a thing.The warning to not usememorized examples refers to ETSs new efforts to crack down on plagiarism and memorized essays used by hundreds of students at the same time. It is still okay to use templates and it is still okay to use personal examples.

Same Sex Marriage Should Be Legal - 1595 Words

Same-Sex Marriage June 26, 2015. A day many around the country will remember forever in their lives. Waking up early on that Friday morning and going through their daily routine which always finishes by checking the same-old news, but that morning, the news was different. The headlines varied from â€Å"Love Wins† to â€Å"Gay Marriage Legalized in all 50 States,† They thought all their worries were solved and maybe for the first time ever, they would be treated like normal citizens and not as obscurities. That freedom lasted for six days. Six days before a county clerk in rural Lexington, Kentucky decided that she had the right to go against the Supreme Court ruling and stop issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples. This would be the start of yet another fight that the LGBT+ community has to battle in order to gain their equal rights from government officials. Same-sex marriage has been an ongoing battle for several years in the United States and around the world. Battling perspect ives and religious beliefs have made the task of finding neutral ground difficult but the LGBT+ community is still going strong in their fight for equality. For many years, very few accepted those who loved the same gender as them but as time passed, viewpoints changed. Many will say that they see gay or lesbian couples as equal or â€Å"completely fine† while others may immediately jump behind their religion and say it is a sin or unholy. Even after the Supreme Court decided that it was unfair and unjustShow MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1288 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage is not precisely the same as it used to be interpreted. For example, women used to be their husband’s property. Sometimes the women were forced to marry whoever their parents wanted them to marry and most of the time they couldn’t leave the marriage. Nowadays women have more freedom. They can vote, they can run their own business, and they can marry whichever man they want to. The laws change as the people’s mind change. As they get more comfortable with the idea, they become more openRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesSame sex relationships relate to when a man or woman are attracted to someone of the same gender of themselves. It is being rejected as same gender marriage denies the obvious purpose between a man and a women which is procreation (Richardson-Self, 2012). Denying same sex couples the legal right to get married, could mean that they are being denied their basic human rights to enjoy human benefits (Richardson-Self, 2012). However, the opposing view is that if gay marriage was granted the legal rightsRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1403 Words   |  6 PagesSame-Sex Marriage â€Å"I now pronounce you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  At some point in a person’s life, they have heard or will hear those words. What follows, however, has changed somewhat over the years; although, the commitment has remained the same. Those words historically indicate that until the death of a spouse, that couple shall remain together. Who should be able to determine whom that spouse is for that person? Some people judge others for their sexuality and how it is affecting them, but they never stop andRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1144 Words   |  5 PagesGay Marriage There are many issues the revolve around same-sex marriage. Many issues like: Whether same-sex should be legalized and should there be an amendment on same-sex marriage? There are multiple side to view this, but gay marriage but in my opinion gay marriage is socially accepted. it should be legal and it does affect American teens in a broad spectrum of ways. There have been a lot of issues on whether or not same-sex marriage should be legal or not. According to Burns, â€Å" The unionRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal998 Words   |  4 PagesSame sex marriage ought to be legalized on the grounds that it is uncivilized and unmerited. Marriage is a commitment between two people that cherish one another. In almost every country and culture, marriage is a commitment of loyalty and love. Marriage is an authority contract gathering two individuals together, furnishing them with profits of holy matrimony such as tax cuts and clinical privileges. The debate throughout most countries today is whether or not the rights of these profits and commitmentsRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1659 Words   |  7 Pages Same-sex couples can hardly remember a time where they were not fighting for their right to marriage in the United States. After several court cases, California Proposition Six, and their struggle against the Defens e of Marriage Act (DOMA), same-sex couples found their way into U.S. society. Many misguided studies appealed to those opposing same-sex marriage, but after several years of integrating in society, same-sex couples found the support they were looking for. Before the Supreme CourtRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal899 Words   |  4 Pages In the United States, same sex marriage became legal nationwide on June 26, 2015, when the United States Supreme Court overruled the court in favor of same sex freedom and marriage. The victory of same sex marriage came to be recognized from the Obergefell v. Hodges case which was submitted when an American Ohio man was denied and regretted to get his name on his late husband’s death certificate. Same sex marriage has been a controversial social issue in the United States for several decades. SinceRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1491 Words   |  6 PagesSame sex marriage is one of the most debatable issues in the modern world. Marriage has been accepted as the social union between a man and a woman for the past thousand years. Homosexuality was viewed with scorn, and marriages among same sex couples were prohibited in most cultures across the globe. However, gay relationships are slowly obtaining acceptance, as homosexuals have come to be expressive in fighting their rights to marry in the early 90’s. As homosexuality grows in acceptance in theRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal892 Words   |  4 PagesLove Same sex marriage is now allowed in all states across the country. But it took years and years for this â€Å"issue† to be finally laid to rest. The first state to legalize same-sex marriage was Massachusetts in 2004. There was not a last state to legalize gay marriage. The supreme court realized how many states were now legalizing it, so they just had all of the states left legalize it as well. ProCon.org supplies information that â€Å"Twenty-six states were forced to legalize gay marriage becauseRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal2253 Words   |  10 Pages1776). The recognition of same-sex marriage is an issue influenced by numerous factors, and debates continue to arise over whether people in same-sex relationships have the right to marriage. Marriage provides many benefits, legally, financially, and personally. Same-sex marriage can open up those in same-sex relationships to tax benefits and financial demands comparable to those afforded to and required of peo ple in opposite-sex marriages. Same-sex marriage also gives them legal protections, such as

Example Film Studies Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1468 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Cinematographic Art Essay Type Argumentative essay Level High school Did you like this example? European film movements are most clearly understood as part of the cinema of periphery in relation to popular Hollywood productions. In consideration of examples from one European country, to what extent is this an accurate view? This essay will focus on some of the key movements in British cinema, looking at how they relate to the world of Hollywood. Firstly,I shall look at how British films have found their way into the American and world markets via the London-based company Working Title Films, and to what extent these films are integrated into the Hollywood scene. Secondly, There will be an assessment of the tradition of social realism in British cinema,including the New Wave and Brit Grit movements, and their place in international cinema. Next, I shall look at the documentary movement in British cinema, and its impact on the wider world. One of the most noticeable movements in British cinema in recent years has been the proliferation of the Working Title Films Company. Founded in London by Tim Bevan and Eric Fellner, Working Title has enhanced the profile of British cinema to an unprecedented extent. The screening of Four Weddings and a Funeral in 1994 proved a turning point in the history of British film, proving vastly popular with American audiences,and subsequent productions from Working Title have helped to cement the place of the British Blockbuster in Hollywood. In this way, British cinema has been able to produce films with international mass appeal, and it is probably fair to say that there are more mainstream British films on at the cinema now than there were fifteen years ago. However, it is important to consider that,although there has been an increase in the commercial success of British film,it is still arguably seen as a satellite of Hollywood. For instance, even successful British films are often labelled as art cinema. In an article on Shekhar Kapurs Elizabeth, Julian Hill argues that, Although it does offer entertainment through a fascinating narrative, the film as a whole is presented in a creative way, owing to the amateurish vision of Kapur. (Hill, 2000) Indeed, its relationship to Hollywood is entirely coloured by its status as an art film, and by implication, its partly British origins. Bordwell and Thompson argue that any British film of this type would be viewed as art cinema in Hollywood, as art cinema is a term, used by the US film industry to describe imported films of interest the upper-middle class, educated audiences. (Bordwell and Thompson, 1990) In this respect, British film is still marginalized in relation to Hollywood. Commercial success has been forthcoming, but the very fact that a film is British in origin leads it to be viewed in different terms to those in which a Hollywood movie is viewed. Even the big blockbusters of the Four Weddings ilk are viewed at least partly as foreign curiosities, and crucially they often try to appeal directly to an American audience, for example, containing a token American character. One area in which British cinema has perhaps demonstrated greater independence from Hollywood is in the field of so-called social realism films. There have been many move ments over the different eras which fall into this category, from the New Wave cinema of the 1950s and 60s, such as Room at the Top (1958), to the what have been called Brit Grit films, like Nil by Mouth (1997), and this recurring idea of kitchen sink realism forms an important part of the British cinema tradition. Indeed,it has been suggested that all of these movements are a tradition in themselves(Thorpe, 1999, cited in Lay, 2002) It is in this area that, for many critics,the real essence of British cinema is found. It has been argued that the aesthetics of British realism are defined in terms of opposition to Hollywood spectacle. Visual and acting styles were to be restrained, the emphasis was to be on ordinary people in ordinary settings. (Cook, 1996) In this respect, British cinemais not always a mere satellite of Hollywood, as it also tries to be deliberately antagonistic towards Hollywood ideals. Unlike many of the Working Title films, with their quasi-American lean ings and their use of a highly stylised Britishness, some social realism has sought to challenge this position. For example, in Trainspotting the audience is introduced to a much darker vision of Britain, and one less obviously palatable to Hollywood audiences, than that which is seen in Four Weddings and a Funeral. At first glance, one could argue that much British realism is so idiosyncratic as to be marginalized in the wider world, but films like Trainspotting and The Full Monty show that it is possible to make a film depicting ordinary British life that has mass appeal. However, although this form of cinema apparently demonstrates an indifference to Hollywood conventions, as cook notes above, it is actually not indifference but a form of rebellion. In this sense, British social realism as a part of international cinema can be seen as still subservient to Hollywood, albeit in a more subtle way than some of the other blockbusters. In order for it to be deliberately antago nistic toward the ideals of Hollywood, it is necessary that those ideals must exist,and in that sense, social realist films are peripheral to Hollywood as they fulfil the role of a counter-movement. Alongside realist fiction, a major area of British cinema is the documentary. Arguably Britains major contribution to world cinema, its heyday was in the 1930s. The documentary movement was headed by John Grierson, and funded by the film units of the Empire Marketing Board and the General Post Office. Through landmark productions such as Housing Problems (1935), the movement used its state backing, and freedom from commerce, to highlight many of the social problems of its day, and has been identified as the first movement to have a lasting influence on the art of film (Rotha, 1972). Like the fictional forms of social realism, it demonstrated a freedom from, and to some extent an aversion to, the ideals of Hollywood. However, unlike other forms of social realism, it is often cri ticized for its lack of aesthetics. There was no consistent artistic theory underlying the movement; the film art was to be used as a means to apolitical end. (Guynn, 1975) In this sense, then, not only is there the consideration of the documentary movement being antagonistic to Hollywood, but also the fact that it lacks artistic drive means that it can only form part of a balanced view of cinema. The art of film making is certainly able to deliver important views and to comment on the state of the world, but it is ultimately an art, and in this aspect the documentary movement, as we have seen, was lacking. Therefore, it must necessarily be peripheral since it does not engage the full potential of its genre, rather in the way that apolitical pamphlet usually shows less artistic development than a poem or a novel. In the light of this consideration, one could view the documentary movement and its legacy as a marginal aspect of cinema an important marginal aspect, even a n ecessary one, but nevertheless something that exists as a useful sub-genre and therefore is secondary to Hollywood. In conclusion, it does seem that British cinema is to some extent peripheral to Hollywood. Working Title films have in recent years brought British films into the Hollywood mainstream, but many of the films have contained an Americanised element, or have been seen as art cinema. In this way, even hugely popular British films are in a sense marginal. Social realism has provided an avenue in which British cinema has been able to shrug off Hollywood ideals in favour of showing ordinary peoples lives, and many films of this type have been successful overseas. However, in rebelling against Hollywood in this way, such films can be viewed as peripheral to it in an antagonistic sense. Similarly, the documentary movement rebelled against Hollywood to some extent, and the movements international importance is undoubted, being described as Britains major contribution to world cinema. However, its lack of an artistic aesthetic makes it necessarily marginal in the world of cinema. Film is, at bottom, an art form, and any movement that neglects the artistic element in favour of a political message can only ever be a marginal if important part of the whole. British cinema then, when viewed in an international context, is always peripheral to Hollywood. It is doubtless an important part of world cinema, and has made invaluable contributions to both the art of film and to the tradition of reportage through film, but the dominance of Hollywood in the international scene means that any movement that is outside it is, as a matter of course, a comparatively minor player in world cinema. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Example Film Studies Essay" essay for you Create order

Product Design Coursework Free Essays

The aim of this report is to carry out a feasibility study for the development and the manufacture of a novel synthetic fibre to be used to make leisure clothing aimed at the spring and summer market, as asked by our board of directors. I will present a report addressing the project in terms of the Innovation Cycle for product development. This shall cover the definition and evaluation of the products, their form, market and manufacture in terms of the Product Innovation Major Steps, which include: Needs: What needs should the product fill? Ideas: What different products could satisfy these needs? Selection: What ideas are the most promising? Manufacture: How can we make the product in commercial quantities? Innovation Cycle: Product Innovation involves the introduction of a new good or service that is new or substantially improved from previous versions. We will write a custom essay sample on Product Design Coursework or any similar topic only for you Order Now Innovation is not just about new products, it is a whole new approach to business. The novel synthetic fibre that I will analyse is Nylon with main uses in clothing and footwear. Nylon is a commodity chemical as it is produced in high volumes and yields low profits and so it has a low added value. There is no large scale need for chemists and engineers in commodity chemicals. Needs: What needs should the product fill? The product should fill the customer’s needs and to find the needs of the customer, we need to do market research and ask the customers directly what they require through questionnaires or interviews. This is known as primary research as answers are directly answered to the companies needs. Once loads of information has been collected, the customers needs have to be interpreted and taken into consideration. This information can then be used into product specifications and therefore products are produced depending on customer needs. For example, customer needs for the manufacture of Nylon to produce leisure clothing. Essential: o Light weight o Strong o Comfortable Desirable: o Wear resistance o Long lasting o Easy to wash o Easy to iron Useful: o Cheap Specifying a benchmark would be one of the final stages in the needs. The new developed product must meet up to standards with either existing products or an idealised product. If this is not the case then and the benchmark cannot be achieved or surpassed, then it is not worth developing the product. Ideas: What different products could satisfy these needs? The next step in the innovation cycle is to generate ideas. Most of the source of ideas comes from the: Development team. These people research into the product into great detail and most of the ideas are generated by the developing team. Customers. Questionnaires and interviews are analysed and a different view of ideas are produced. The interviews and questionnaires can be very important as the customers will be the ones who buy the products at the end and they may also be using similar or existing products. Although questionnaires can sometimes be unreliable if not enough data is collected. Competitors. Useful data can be obtained if you as a company are selling similar products. Consultants. These are often not as useful as customers or the development team. Literature. This will have a large range of views and if researched into properly, books, patents and trade information will produce some excellent ideas. Product development teams generate ideas by brainstorming which is a group exercise and mind mapping which is usually done individually. In developing a product, it requires up to one hundred ideas to find an idea which is really worth going for. To reduce the amount of ideas we have to only the good ideas we have to organise ideas into specific categories which may require more brainstorming. The more ideas are organised, the more we would be able to realise if they are strengths or weaknesses in organisations. Selection: What ideas are the most promising? From all the ideas we have generated, we only take very few good ideas to take forwards for production. To select these few good ideas to take forward we need a Screening Criteria which would select the best ideas. This selection process now would require scientific and engineering judgement. These are: o Safety – Make sure that the product (nylon) would be safe to produce and wear. o Low environmental impact – Make sure that nylon produced clothes and any by-products are not dangerous to the environment o Low cost – Make sure that the method of producing nylon is the cheapest with the highest return for money o Minimum risk – Make the manufacture of nylon economically feasible o Engineering ease – Make the manufacture of nylon technically feasible After the screening process and choosing the best ideas, we now need to do a risk assessment. This will identify and catalogue all risks of producing the product (nylon). Eliminating the risk will be the most important thing and then we can compare quantitatively the terms of the cost and time. Risk management also need to be put in place as to reduce risks or possible risks before proceeding, or accepting the risk and proceeding. This decision is based entirely upon management and the best option will be chosen for the organisation at that time. Manufacture: How can we make the product in commercial quantities? At this stage we are now ready to decide how to produce the product. We have the chemical product we need to manufacture; we have identified customer needs and generated enough ideas to fill this need. When considering the manufacturing process we need to take into account: o Raw materials o Demand for supply o Time taken for product to reach the market o Size of plant o Labour o Operating and capital costs of plant After the manufacturing costs of the product (nylon clothes), we need to consider the packaging. This should be: o Attractive o Waterproof to prevent water ruining the nylon After the packaging, we can finally sell the product. To get the product out onto the market we could: o Advertise in clothes shops o Advertise on TV After advertising, the product would have reached out to a far reaching population. How to cite Product Design Coursework, Papers

Structure of Circulated processing

Question: Discuss about the Structure of Circulated processing. Answer: Introduction: Numerous organizations are searching for approaches to compel additional business quality, rethink their business things, and build an enhanced buyer aptitude in a more advanced world. IT need to fundamentally trade how they convey cost to the business with needs managing the supply of common endeavor applications with more noteworthy speed and dexterity, even as bringing down charges and minimizing perils. More than 70% of our client's CIOs have specified that will build and capacity a decent run half breed cloud in order to soundness these needs to innovate and developing the business. The mission for association it is that it can be mind boggling to pass on together the wellbeing, consistence and unwavering quality of restrictive cloud with the straightforwardness, adaptability and easy access open mists offer, even as keeping up oversee and perceivability - aside from now. A bound together half and half cloud helps organizations enhance quickly whilst as yet conveying association grade execution, flexibility and security. Producer Hybrid Cloud gives on this by method for joining the control, dependability and confidence of individual cloud with the straightforwardness, adaptability and cost proficiency of open mists to change supply of IT administrations. A one-of-assortment built arrangement, it gifts electronic foundation offerings for normal organization capacities crosswise over select and open mists with more prominent pace, versatility and nimbleness in the meantime diminishing charges and minimizing threats. Work processes and programming diagrams change what used to be when handbook into programmed framework provisioning, on-interest, with administration experiences and rate straightforwardness. Built in security and information shield license you to run your half and half cloud with self conviction. Organization Hybrid Cloud is planned, worked in and affirmed with quality in school connected sciences, programmed work processes and outlines to give the foundation to framework as-an administration. Supply IT-as-a-supplier to fulfill your exact exchange wants with extra decisions for information shield, VM encryption, applications, Hadoop, application lifecycle computerization for ceaseless conveyance, biological system augmentations and more. It might give worth to the business 2 x turbo with partnership Hybrid Cloud when in correlation with developing you have IT-as-an administration arrangement. The answer keeps on developing. New capacities are presented as a major aspect of the arrangement free up cycle with EMC looking at the complete answer end-to-end, including updates from past variants. Half breed cloud is made simple by EMC, supplying genuine offerings for every progression of the cloud trip, together with one name support from EMC. The foundational work has been complet ed by means of EMC so which you could point of convergence on adjusting along to your exchange partners and building advanced IT administrations on top of this establishment. Remote Administration: There are interminable security issues for appropriated processing since it wraps various associated sciences including frameworks, databases, working systems, virtualization, profitable resource booking, trade organization, load conforming, concurrence control and memory organization. Thus, security issues for a huge amount of those strategies and associated sciences are proper to disseminated registering. For case, the framework that interconnects the procedures in a cloud ought to be secure. Likewise, virtualization perspective in circulated processing results in different prosperity thoughts. For framework, mapping the virtual machines to the physical machines must be realized securely. Data prosperity fuses scrambling the information furthermore confirming that sensible methodologies are executed for information sharing. Likewise, supportive resource task and memory association computations ought to be secure. Thus, information mining systems could moreover be fitting for malwar e area inside the fogs a strategy which is more by and large gotten in intrusion area procedures. As showed up in figure, there are six watchful zones of the disseminated registering environment the spot equipment and undertaking requires tremendous security care. These six territories are: (1) security of data at loosening up, (2) protection of data in travel, (3) affirmation of customers/applications/approach, (four) convincing division between learning having a spot with select buyers, (5) cloud endorsed and authoritative disperses, and (6) scene response. Encryption is the phenomenal decision for securing information in goes as awesome. Likewise, confirmation and uprightness security segments ensure that data handiest goes the spot the client wishes it to go and it isn't adjusted in travel. Resource Management: Effective confirmation is a mandatory necessity for any cloud organization. Client confirmation is the premier establishment for passage oversees. In the cloud environment, confirmation and access control are more vital than any time in recent memory considering that the cloud and the majority of its learning are open to anybody over the web. The relied on upon registering group's (TCG's) IF-MAP standard takes into consideration continuous dispatch between a cloud administration supplier and the customer about authorized clients and distinctive security issue. At the point when a buyer's section benefit is denied or reassigned, the customer's character administration procedure can inform the cloud supplier continuously all together that the individual's cloud access may likewise be changed or renounced inside an uncommonly brisk range of time. One of the imperative more evident cloud issues is partition between a cloud supplier's clients (who could likewise be contending firms and even programmers) to block coincidental or deliberate section to touchy skill. Quite often a cloud supplier would utilize advanced machines (VMs) and a hypervisor to discrete customers. Innovations are presently accessible that may outfit huge assurance upgrades for VMs and advanced system partition. In addition, the trusted stage module (TPM) can give equipment focused confirmation of hypervisor and VM uprightness and in this manner ensure intense system division and security. SLA Management: A Service Level Agreement (SLA) is an agreement report then again an appropriate arranged assention established upon the expectation furthermore, interests that exists between the Cloud administration merchants and the cloud clients. It involves the brief expressions furthermore, conditions whereupon the offerings being supplied by method for the administration merchants. SLAs gives a straightforward perspective to the cloud clients for making sense of about the cloud climate, which involves the points of interest and negative parts of the cloud, cloud offerings, cloud sending and security issue ,commitments, sureties and guarantees of the offerings. The figure-2 demonstrated underneath offers clear thought with respect to the SLA. Yearnings OF making utilization of SLA It gives an unmistakable motivation with respect to the cloud supplier suppliers. It depicts the record of offerings (SaaS, PaaS and IaaS) the merchants will give together entirety depiction of each administration. The thought process and focuses about the business stage protection arrangements i.e administration stage contract (SLA) in straightforward technique, which incorporates the parts of the cloud administration suppliers and the cloud clients. It is utilized to think about the vital thing security and privateness administration strategies for cloud environment. It screens the transporter top of the line, execution, needs, furthermore, commitments from transporter variable of perspective. It gives a conspicuous perspective to think about the supplier administration imperatives if there should arise an occurrence of cloud administration disappointment. Assortments oF SLA Service Level Agreement (SLA) is major for utilizing the cloud administrations, as it is an agreement for business courses of action of all assortments, that comprehended by means of every transporter sellers and the clients. So settled on the sorts of clients and the administrations , SLAs are classified into 5 forms. Customer focused SLA: It's the agreement with element private workforce which covers all offerings use by the clients. Supplier set up SLA: It's an agreement or contract between the cloud administration supplier and every single enrolled client using the administration. Multilevel SLA: Such SLA incorporate particular stages, every level shows the examples of elite buyers for same supplier. Client level SLA: It incorporates all SLA (administration stage organization) issues significant to group of particular clients. Supplier level SLA: It includes all SLA (administration stage organization) scatters integral to exceptional supplier, in connection with purchaser Staff. Backup and Recovery: Organizations progressively see cloud as the speediest and most bendy answer for supply new capacities and offerings. It abstracts away a portion of the operational difficulties of sending by means of giving administrations like base, storing, and databases. Cloud robotizes the provisioning, organization, reinforcement, mending, DR, and adaptability of the database without the need for a DBA. It furthermore can give economies of scale by method for versatile ability, mechanization, institutionalization. Cloud reinforcement and DR for databases, albeit modestly new, is developing in selection as organizations take a gander at supplementing their present on-premises base to help information advance and meet new exchange utility particulars (see figure). Forrester characterizes cloud reinforcement and DR for databases as: devoted or multitenant open cloud offerings that backings database reinforcement and recuperation, and catastrophe rebuilding in a institutionalized, pay-per-use, self-bearer and computerized way. Distributed storage administrations are a subset of the aggregate cloud computing stage, and all things considered, distributed storage offerings have 4 key qualities that separate these administrations from regular stockpiling structures. They are: Standardized. The cloud supplier exhibits the administrations in the same way every time an undertaking demands it. This does no more limit the sort of capacity offerings available to an undertaking or the exceptional transporter levels that can be given. Pay-per-use. The supplier will screen the utilization of virtual or committed assets to outfit pertinent bookkeeping with measurements to encourage chargeback for utilization. Self-administration. Organizations can straight demand assets through a web or versatile entryway, API, or distinctive head instrument. Automated. The cloud supplier presents standard systems for mechanically provisioning assets from a committed or multitenant base to offer assistance reinforcement and DR capacities. The advantages of a distributed computing stage for databases are numerous, together with: Enhancing database organizations. Cloud frameworks supply you the choice of conveying new databases as quickly as favored. Normal structures can likely take days to introduce and arrange, slowing down the apparatus organization process. Aligning IT spending plans with database request. What number of databases does your organization introduce without accurately knowing how they'll be utilized or the amount of cloud, firms can easily pay just for the resources they utilize, hour by method for hour. Giving a "barrier valve" for top interest: Cloud processing is likewise useful for managing database intermittent spikes considering of Christmas season or some item dispatch exercise. On the other hand than procurement for the normal top of the excursion perusing season, shops can push the extra request directly into a cloud stage. Supplying databases without raising the capex: Cloud processing offers you the capacity to supply new databases without expecting to buy hardware, raising the organization's capital costs. Application advancement and conveyance can each be dealt with using running costs least complex. References: Lowensohn, J. McCarthy, C. (2009). Lessons from Twitters Security Breach. Available online at: https://news.cnet.com/8301-17939_109-10287558-2.html (Accessed on: November 29, 2012). Microsoft Security Bulletin MS07-049. Vulnerability in Virtual PC and Virtual Server Could Allow Elevation of Privilege (937986). URL: https://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/ms07- 049.mspx. (November 13, 2007) (Accessed on November 20, 2012). Molnar, D. Schechter, S. (2010). Self Hosting vs. Cloud Hosting: Accounting for the Security Impact of Hosting in the Cloud. In Proceedings of the Workshop on the Economics of Information Security, 2010, Harvard University, USA, June 2010. Available online at: https://weis2010.econinfosec.org/papers/session5/weis2010_schechter.pdf (Accessed on: November 29, 2012). Ristenpart, T., Tromer, E., Shacham, H., Savage, S. (2009). Hey, You, Get Off Of My Cloud: Exploring Information Leakage in Third-Party Compute Clouds. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS09), November, 2009, Chicago, Illinois, USA, pp. 199-212. ACM Press, New York, USA, 2009. Salesforce.com Warns Customers of Phishing Scam. (2007) URL: https://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/139353/article.html. November, 2007 (Accessed on: November 20, 2012). Security Evaluation of Grid Environments. Available online at: https://www.slideworld.com/slideshows.aspx/Security-Evaluation-of-Grid-Environments-ppt-217556. (Accessed on: November 29, 2012)

Green Management Activities and Performance free essay sample

Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012 / Green Management Activities and Performance The scope of global data in this section is all operation sites include Korea as well as overseas. 02 08 16 24 35 Green Management Framework Climate Change Response Eco-Products Green Operation Sites Green Communication / Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012 / 1 Green Management Framework Green Management Strategy Establishing a Green Management Strategy Samsung Electronics is implementing green management practices for sustainable development by actively analyzing the impact we make on the environment and assessing management risks associated with those impacts. We considered a wide range of our economic, social and environmental impacts and formulated a systematic green management strategy to adapt to changes in the market environment. We conducted materiality tests to assess key risks identi? ed while developing our green management strategy and prioritized them for more effective management. Details on our green management strategy formulation process and priority risk management activities follow. Strategy Development Process Identi? cation of key environmental issues Risk analysis Internal capacity analysis Strategy development Economy/society/technology Identi? cation of priority on environmental issues Stakeholder consultation Physical risk Regulatory risk Indirect risk Social/cultural risk Internal capacity analysis Identi? cation of external best practices and gap analysis Formulation of short/mid/longterm strategy; Identi? ation of key tasks and key performance indicators Key Risks and Management Activities Type Physical risks Key Issues Rise in price of raw materials and oil Management Activities Installation of high energy ef? ciency facilities Development of energy use reduction policies Intensi? ed water shortage Implementation of water resource management strategies and water-related risk management structure Regulatory risks Implementation of national energy /greenhouse gas reduction policies Strengthened product-related regulations Operation site GHG reduction activities Energy ef? ient product development and sales Regular monitoring and compliance activities of energy/hazardous materials/recyclingrelated regulations Indirect risks Change in market and industry Increased competition for eco-technologies Development of Eco-Products and strengthening of green marketing Development and utilization of eco-friendly materials Release of innovative Eco-Products Social/cultural risks Changes in consumer preference Expansion of consumer green marketing Environmental communication with local community residents Increased stakeholder demands Increased stakeholder communication and response to demands Responsive information disclosure 2 / Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012 / Green Management Vision and Mid-term Goals Vision and Slogan Our green management strategy enables us to grow sustainably and invest in the future of both humanity and nature. We will write a custom essay sample on Green Management Activities and Performance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Samsung Electronics established its green management vision based on our underlying philosophy of helping to build a prosperous society and preserving the environment through business activities that give due respect to people and nature. Our green management activities are reinforced under our slogan of ‘PlanetFirst. Green Management: Basic Philosophy, Vision, Slogan Basic Philosophy Contribute to building a prosperous society and preserving the environment through business activities that give due respect to people and nature based on the concept of reverence for life Vision Creating new value through eco-innovation Slogan ‘PlanetFirst’ represents Samsung Electronics’ commitment to sustainable development and social responsibility through eco-driven business and management activities. Green Management Policies Samsung Electronics is committed to leading the realization of a sustainable society. Through our green management activities, we are contributing to the prosperity of humanity and the conservation of the natural environment. Global Green Management System Establish a top-class global green management system, ensure full compliance of all environment safety and health regulations in all our operation sites and enforce strict internal standards. Zero-Accident Green Operation Sites Create recycling-centric production facilities and safe workplaces where wastes are recycled and accident prevention measures are implemented to ensure the health and safety of all employees. Life Cycle Responsibility for Products and Services Take full responsibility for ensuring minimum environmental impact and the highest safety in all stages of the product life cycle including purchasing of parts/raw materials, development, manufacturing, transfer, product use and end-of-life. Preservation of the Global Environment Take actions to tackle climate change and protect local communities as well as the global environment. Disclose green management policies and achievements to both internal and external stakeholders. Green Manufacturing Process Establish manufacturing processes that minimize the release of greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants by employing bestavailable clean manufacturing technologies that enable ef? cient resource and energy management. / Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012 / 3 Mid-term Target: Eco-Management 2013 Eco-Management 2013 outlines our mid-term targets announced in 2009. Lowering greenhouse gas emissions relative to sales by 50% from 2008 levels and designing 100% of Samsung Electronics products as Eco-Products are the two core objectives. To reach the stated goals, we have developed 19 speci? c actions under the three categories of green operations, green products, and green communication. We are taking actions to minimize the negative impact on the environment associated with our business activities and disclosing our environmental achievements against mid-term targets to bolster our commitment to green management. EM2013 Core KPIs and Achievements Area GHG reduction (Korea) Indicator GHG emissions relative to sales (tons CO2 /KRW 100 million) Proportion of Good Eco-Products (%) 011 Target 4. 62 96 85 2011 Actual 4. 46 97 85 2012 Target 4. 21 97 87 2013 Target 3. 72 100 100 Eco-Product development ratio Proportion of Good Eco-Devices (%) Investment in Green Management Samsung Electronics is making regular investments in green management practicesin two separate categories of investment in green facilities and site operation expenses. In 2011, Samsung Electronics invested KRW 703 billion in green management practices, which is an 86% increase from 2010. Green Management Investment Investment in green facilities Site operation expenses (USD million) Total 266 150 310 311 294 379 461 604 2009 2010 2011 113 1 USD=1,164. 30 KRW (base year: 31st. Dec. 2011) Green Investment Detail Indicator Investment in green facilities Details Investment in air and water quality, waste management and pollution prevention facilities (Extension of air pollution control in semiconductor) Expenses paid to operate pollution prevention and treatment facilities (Power consumption, chemical, labor, accreditation, etc) Site operation expenses Environmental Awards and Achievements Samsung Electronics has received international recognition for sustainability performance. For example, Samsung Electronics was selected as a sector leader in environmental performance in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. It was also selected for the Carbon Disclosure Leadership Index for three consecutive years by the Carbon Disclosure Project. Samsung Electronics won 22 awards including ENERGY STAR Partner of the Year by the U. S. EPA. Awards and recognition from external stakeholders indicates the strength of our environmental regulation compliance and stakeholder communication efforts. 4 / Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012 / 2011 Recognition for Excellence in Environmental Management Name of Award Green company assessment Best Global Green Brands Ranking Environmental, Social, Governance Assessment Sustainability Index Dow Jones Sustainability Index Interbrand Korea Corporate Governance Service Kyunghyang Daily SAM Given by China Europe International Business School (CEBIS) Date April July August August September Details Selected as the greenest company among the top 100 foreign companies in China Ranked 25th in the Global 50 Green Brands rankings Received A+ grade in environmental management among 800 listed companies Selected as 2nd best environmental performer among the top 100 companies in Korea Named as the most sustainable technology company in the 2011 Dow Jones Sustainability Index Named as top environmental performer in the semiconductor sector Carbon Disclosure Project Green Ranking Green Ranking CDP Committee Newsweek Joongang Daily September October December Included in the Carbon Disclosure Leadership Index for three consecutive years Ranked 22nd among Global Top 500 companies Ranked 4th in Tech. Equipment sector Ranked 2nd among top 100 companies, Ranked 1st in IT sector 2011 Environmental Awards Received Region Korea Name of Award Green Star Certi? cation Award Korea Green Management Award Energy Winner Award Korea Consumer Well-being Index certi? ation award Green Product of the Year CDP Korea 200 Report Launch Awards National Green Technology Award Given by Korea Management Association Ministry of Knowledge Economy/ Ministry of Environment Consumers Korea Korea Standard Association Green Purchasing Network CDP Committee Ministry of Knowledge Economy U. S. Consumer Electronics Association U. S. Environmental Protection Agency TreeHugger International Electronics Recycling Conference Expo Global Green USA’s i nitiatives Buyers Laboratory Inst. Boys Girls Clubs of America U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Northeast Recycling Council International Forum Design Hannover Which magazine Green Organization Green Business Enterprises China Energy Saving Association WEF, IOD Date June June July August October October November January April April May June August September October October March September November November May June Details Washing machine, refrigerator, Kimchi refrigerator and air conditioner. IT solutions division was awarded with a medal for solar powered note PC. 10 products were awarded for high energy ef? iency including the grand award for smart air conditioner. Samsung Anycall brand ranked 1st in mobile phones Solar powered note PC (NT-NC215), low-power monitor (S23A550H) Included in the Carbon Management Industry Leader Low-power mobile semiconductor technology Washing machine, electric oven, monitor, memory chip, LCD panel, HDD Selected as Partner of the Year Restore (SPH-M570) mobile phone Leadership in Recycling Program SPH-M580 Replen ish mobile phone Eco-Product award for printers with eco-driver technology Recognition for donation of high energy ef? iency products Recognition for contribution made in reducing mercury in LED display Recognition for support made in Recycling Association activities Eco-friendly materials used in note PC (NT-NC10) Energy Ef? cient LED TV (55D8000) Eco-friendly product award for Eco Bubble Washing Machine Eco-friendly innovative product award for Eco Bubble Washing Machine Received awards for two consecutive years Eco Innovation award for eco-friendly note PC 900X3A U. S. CES Eco-Design Award Energy Star Award TreeHuggers Best of Green Awards Sustainability Leadership Award Green Millennium Awards Outstanding Achievement Award BGCA Partnership Award Mercury Reduction Award State Electronics Challenge Award for Sustainability Germany UK iF Material Award Which Energy Saver Award Green Apple Award International Green Award China India Energy Saving Contribution Award Golden Peacock Award / Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012 / 5 Green Management Implementation Structure Organizational Structure Samsung Electronics has a structured organization in place for effective implementation of green management. The CS Environmental Center, which reports directly to the CEO, is in charge of mid-term target setting and monitors green management KPIs. It is also responsible for the development of climate change responses, life cycle GHG emissions management and the provision of supplier support. The CS Environment Center is also esponsible for overall green management issues including Eco-Design, eliminating hazardous materials in products, and energy ef? ciency standards regulations. The Environment, Health and Safety Center is responsible for ensuring the green operations of all production plants through close collaboration with the Environment Health and Safety (EHS) team at each production plant. The center is responsible for analyzing environment and safety risks monitoring changes in global environmental regulation s and national policies, and improving Samsung Electronics’ EHS practices. Each plant also has an environmental affairs manager and a team of experts to ensure compliance with environmental regulations and the implementation of green management improvement measures. Corporate Green Management Committee We are aware of the environmental impact associated with our business activities and the strategic importance of implementing green management practices. This understanding led to the establishment of the Green Management Committee which meets twice a year to con? rm green management policies, assess performance and make decisions on the establishment of improvement measures. Samsung Electronics also has a Climate Change Response Committee in charge of supporting GHG emissions and energy management, as well as an Eco Council in charge of supporting Eco-Product development and green operations at facilities. We also hold regular EHS strategy meetings for reviewing changes to EHS regulations and formulating responses. Corporate Green Management Consultation Group Name Green Management Committee Eco-Product Council GHG/Energy Executive Council EHS Strategy Council Frequency Half-yearly Half-yearly Half-yearly Quarterly Details Headed by CEO. Makes decisions on global green management policies and plans Composed of product development team in business divisions. Consults on Eco-Product development strategy Consults on company-wide GHG and energy management strategy Consults on corporate EHS strategy Employee Training Samsung Electronics offers 32 green management training courses in four categories: basic, legal, job function and overseas. The basic course is designed for all employees and provides an introduction to Samsung’s green management policies. The legal courses are designed for EHS affairs managers at production plants and are focused on the prevention of accidents and risk management as required in relevant laws and regulations. The courses in the job function category are designed for EHS managers at product and plant management levels to enhance their in-depth understanding of EHS affairs. The overseas classes provide staff at overseas plants with information on EHS requirements that must be observed. 6 / Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012 / Environmental Achievement Management Achievement Management and Rewards Samsung Electronics developed a Global EHS System (G-EHS) for integrated management of EHS data. The system played a pivotal role in boosting our green management capacity into a top-tier program in energy and GHG reduction, product environmental regulation compliance, workplace accident reduction goals and achievement monitoring. We created reward schemes, including the Samsung Green Management Award and the Samsung Electronics Annual Award, to internally promote green management practices. The Samsung Green Management Award is given by the Samsung Corporation to recognize exemplary production plants and suppliers with excellent green management practices. The Samsung Electronics Annual Award is a cash bonus and an extra point in annual reviews given to organizations and employees that made key contributions in green management areas. Environmental Audit Samsung Electronics is participating in environmental audits conducted by internal and external experts in order to identify areas of improvement and take appropriate actions. For example, we have been conducting internal audits on all production plants in regards to hazardous materials and energy management. We have implemented an eco-partner policy which mandates regular assessments on the status of suppliers’ environmental management and implementation of improvement measures. We also have an internal mandate on the installation and testing of environmental management equipment at facilities, ISO14001 environmental management certi? cation, and an OHSAS18001 safety and health management system for all existing plants and new plants to be constructed. All plants are subjected to regular audits by third party certi? cation agencies. Information Disclosure Samsung Electronics publishes annual sustainability management reports to share information on our environmental management including targets, strategies, GHG emissions data, Eco-Product information, green production plants, and stakeholder communication programs. The information on our green management practices is disclosed on our global web site for easy access by stakeholders. (http://www. samsung. com/us/aboutsamsung/sustainability/environment/environment. tml) We are actively participating in the Carbon Disclosure Project to share our detailed activities and achievement in our carbon management practices. Global-EHS System Environmental Expense Management Samsung Electronics is managing environmental expenses in an integrated and cost effective manner using the G-EHS. The investment in environmental safeguards at facilities and the operation costs of each production plant is managed by environmental managers at each site. The cost data is then collected by the Environmental Strategy team of the CS center annually for calculation of total expenses spent on environmental management. We are following the Ministry of Environment’s guidelines on environmental data collection and report the data to relevant stakeholders, including the Bank of Korea. Environmental costs are budgeted during an annual corporate business planning process and spent accordingly. / Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012 / 7 Climate Change Response Climate Change Response Strategy Risks and Opportunities Risks and Opportunities Analysis Process Samsung Electronics determines materiality and priority of issues by using ? ve criteria, as listed below, when determining climate change related risks and pportunities. Criteria of Risk and Opportunity Analysis Criteria Signi? cance to stakeholders Industry (competitor) benchmarking Signi? cance to the company Readiness Likelihood Peers and competitors’ reaction to the issue Impacts to the company wide policy, strategy, goal and others, as well as direct ? nancial impacts (short/medium/long-term ? nancial impacts) Having reaso nable control over the issue or not, and degree of readiness in capital (HR asset) to deal with related issues Probability of events and amount of time left (before potential regulation enforcement) Details Concerns of stakeholders such as customers, evaluators and NGOs. Risk Management Samsung Electronics identi? ed the following climate change risks and response activities for their management. Risk Management Activities Category Regulatory risks Type of Risks Emission trading scheme Emission reporting obligations Product ef? ciency regulations and standards Product labeling regulations and standards Uncertainty on new regulations Risk Management Activities Developing CDM project within semiconductor manufacturing process Improving transparency on GHG emissions data through third party veri? ation Increasing RD on energy ef? ciency improvement on products and receiving energy marks Increasing number of eco-label certi? ed products Monitoring on global environmental regulations Identi? cation of risks and response manuals on site facilities through regular/special review and 3rd party audit Strategic response to Eco-Product exhibition and evaluations Developing products using insight f rom consumer research Physical risks Change in precipitation and drought Other risks Reputation change in consumer behavior Capitalizing on Opportunities Opportunities associated with climate change and its impacts on Samsung’s operation as follows. Opportunity Creation Activities Category Regulatory risks Opportunities GHG Emissions trading scheme Product ef? ciency regulations and standards Voluntary agreements Opportunity Creation Activities Development of CDM projects using reductions made at semiconductor production plants and products Introduction of energy mark certi? ed products Voluntarily participating in GHG reduction activities Strengthening system air conditioner business Developing/upgrading of indoor air puri? rs, development of water puri? cation technologies Increased number of Eco-Products and related RD Strategic participation in Eco-Product exhibitions and climate change related evaluations Physical risks Extreme weather events Air and water pollution Other risks Increased consumer demand on low carbon products Increase of brand value as a low carbon and energy ef? cient product provider Reduction in operation cost by improving energy ef? ciency of equipments Corporate energy cost management 8 / Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012 / Management Targets and Strategies Based on the environmental mid-term strategy ‘Eco-Management (EM) 2013,’ Samsung Electronics manages its climate change mitigation activities through two management systems. Our Eco-Design System (EDS)evaluates GHG emissions from a product’s life cycle (from designing to disposal of a product) and our G-EHS manages corporate GHG reduction activities from all facilities around the world. We also have gathered GHG emissions data, including GHG data from employee business travels, logistics, and suppliers, in order to manage Scope 3 GHG emissions. Climate Change Response Strategy We have created GHG management strategies for all relevant divisions in order to achieve GHG reduction targets in production facilities, product development, and its suppliers. Climate Change Response Strategy Category Incorporation of GHG reduction facilities Product Energy Ef? ciency Improvement Implementation of Energy Management System Details Reduction of F-gas emissions from the semiconductor and LCD manufacturing process Reduction average energy consumption of products by 40% and achieving 0. 5W of standby power by 2013, in comparison to 2008 ? ures. Implementation of energy management system and establishment of internal energy ef? ciency certi? cation system subjected to all business sites in Korea Support for the establishment of global supplier’s GHG inventory system by offering training and expertise sharing to global suppliers Supplier support International Initiative Membership Status Initiative World Semiconductor Council (WSC) W orld Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) Korea Business Council for Sustainable Development (KBCSD) Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition (EICC) KPI on GHG Emissions Reduction and Achievements Samsung Electronics designated GHG emissions intensity at Korean plants as its KPI for GHG management, a ? gure that accounts for 90% of Samsung Electronics’ global emissions. The mid-term target is a 50% reduction in GHG emissions intensity by 2013 compared to the 2008 baseline. Samsung Electronics has been meeting annual GHG emissions reductions targets since 2009. We reduced intensity by 40% in 2011 compared to the 2008 baseline and expect to achieve the 2013 target. We have selected GHG reduction during the product use phase as our second KPI to be achieved by manufacturing energy-ef? ient products. The 2013 mid-term target is to reduce GHG emissions by 85 million tons (accumulated) from 2008 levels. We aim to achieve this through a 40% reduction in average electricity consumption of Samsung Electronics products compared to a 2008 baseline. We are currently on track to achieve this goal, meeting annual targets since 2009. GHG KPI and Achievements KPI GHG emissions intensity (production in Korea, Target tons CO2 /KRW 100 million) Actual Reduction Ratio (%, 2008 baseline) Cumulative GHG emissions reductions over ? e years (Global, 10,000 tons) Target Actual Indicator 2009 6. 85 5. 83 22 334 444 2010 5. 65 5. 11 31 1,169 1,529 2011 4. 62 4. 46 40 2,695 3,292 2013 3. 72 50 8,468 GHG emissions intensity: Total CO2 emissions1 ? (Sales[Korea] / price index2) 1 Total GHG emissions from production plants in Korea, expressed in CO2 -equivalent 2 Producer price index in Bank of Korea public notice (Base year 2005: PPI=1) / Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012 / 9 Management Structure Samsung Electronics’ GHG emission management structure is as follows. GHG Management Committee Name Green Management Committee Detail Discuss and make decisions on corporate-level strategic decisions on climate change response Set development goals and implementation strategies on high energy ef? ciency and low power-consumption products Establishment and implementation of production plant GHG reduction strategy Climate change risks analysis and monitoring CEO Host Frequency Twice a year Eco-Product Council Head of CS Environmental Center Twice a year GHG/Energy Executive Committee Head of CS Environmental Center Twice a year GHG/Energy Committee Head of Environmental Strategy team Five times a year Scope 1, 2 Emissions Management Scope 1, 2 Emissions Management Process Emission Management Structure The operation sites included in the GHG emission management scope are production plants and buildings under direct operational control of Samsung Electronics. Monthly GHG emission data from eight Korean plants and buildings, 30 overseas production plants, and 76 non-production subsidiaries (sales, logistics, and RD centers) are collected through the environmental management system, G-EHS. The emission data from each site are checked against targets and improvement measures are formulated. The GHG emissions data and reduction achievements against targets are reported to environmental managers at each site, in addition to the corporate environmental affairs management team and top management. Emission Calculation Method GHG emissions were calculated with management data at each site and the national guidelines of each country as well as international standards including the IPCC Guidelines, ISO 14064 were used as reference for matters not speci? d in the national guidelines. GHG Emissions (Scope 1, 2) Samsung Electronics’ GHG emissions intensity in 2011 was reduced to 4. 46 tons/KRW 100 million. which was 13% lower than 2010 ? gures. We have taken various measures including the installation of facilities for reducing GHG emissions from indutrial processes, improvement in energy ef? ciency of production facilities, installation of high ef? cient facilities and wil l continue to implement various GHG reduction measures. GHG Emissions Intensity Category Korea Target Actual Global Actual tons CO2/KRW 100 million) Indicator 2009 6. 85 5. 83 4. 35 2010 5. 65 5. 11 4. 15 2011 4. 62 4. 46 3. 70 GHG emission intensity: Total CO2 emissions1 ? (Sales[Korea] / price index2) 1 2 Total GHG emissions from production plants in Korea, expressed in CO2 -equivalent Producer price index in Bank of Korea public notice (Base year 2005: PPI = 1) Calculation Method (Global): Global total CO2 emissions / Global Sales 10 / Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012 / GHG Emissions Region Korea Scope 1 Scope 2 Total Global Scope 1 Scope 2 Total (1,000 tons CO2) Scope 2009 3,564 5,008 8,572 3,750 5,875 9,625 2010 4,057 5,552 9,609 4,155 6,500 10,655 2011 3,924 6,031 9,955 4,045 7,259 11,304 Adjustment was made to Korean GHG emissions data between 2009 and 2011 as a result of third party verification in June 2011 following guideline in national GHG target management policy. Data scope is 100 percent of both Korea and global emissions by Samsung Electronics GHG Emissions by Type (Global) 2009 CO2 SF6 PFC S N2O HFC CH4 Total 6,340 2,037 912 170 164 2 9,625 (1,000 tons CO2) 2010 7,012 2,397 901 212 131 2 10,655 011 8,378 1,738 859 220 108 2 11,304 Third Party Veri? cation of GHG Data Our GHG reduction has been veri? ed by a third party agency in compliance with relevant Korean government policy. The Korean Foundation for Quality has recently completed veri? cation of GHG emissions data between 2007 and 2011 of eight operation sites in Korea. We also voluntarily received GHG emission data veri? cation for overseas production plants. GHG Reduction Activities Samsung Electronics succeeded in reducing 1. 4 million tons of CO2 in 2011. The reduction of 1. 3 million tons was achieved with the installation of PFC, SF6 emissions reduction facilities. The introduction of high energy-ef? ciency facilities and the optimization of utilities contributed to a reduction of 28,000 and 188,000 tons of CO2 respectively. Implementation of a waste heat recovery system resulted in 24,000 tons of CO2 emissions reduction. A collection of improvement measures also contributed to a reduction of 130,000 tons of CO2 emissions. Third Party Veri? cation of GHG Data / Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012 / 11 Scope 3 Emissions Management Scope 3 Emissions Management Process Samsung Electronics’ Scope 3 GHG emissions include GHG emissions associated with suppliers, product use, transport of parts and products and business travel by Korean employees. Supplier GHG emissions are calculated using the activity data submitted by suppliers. Emissions associated with logistics and business travel are automatically calculated by the G-EHS. GHG emissions associated with product use are estimated using energy consumption information and typical use scenarios for each product. The GHG emissions of product use are correlated to the energy ef? iency of products. The GHG emissions data of each scope can be managed by environmental managers in each division, the corporate environmental affairs management team, and top management. Boundary of Scope 3 Management Raw material Parts Manufacturing Logistics Consumer use Disposal/ recycling Employee business travel Scope 3 GHG emissions are calculated as per related international st andards including ISO 14064, IPCC guidelines, WBCSD Scope 3 guidelines and carbon footprint labeling standard of Korea. GHG Emissions in Product Use Samsung Electronics de? es †GHG Emissions associated with product use† as the amount of GHG emissions caused by electricity consumption of Samsung Electronics products. The emissions associated with product use have not increased despite an increase in the number of products sold due to the increased energy ef? ciency of newer products. We achieved 17,630 thousand tons of GHG emission reductions in 2011 compared to the 2008 levels. Improvement Rate of Product Energy Ef? ciency Target Actual (%) GHG Emissions Reduction in Product Use Target Actual Cumulative (1,000 tons CO2) 32,920 23. 1 15. 7 7. 7 8. 4 15. 25. 6 15,290 15,270 4,440 4,440 8,350 10,850 17,630 3,340 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 Product Energy efficiency improvement rate = (2008 average power consumption–2011 average power consumption) / (2008 average po wer consumption) ? 100 Target is made by 10% of annual increasing in product sales volume Scope: All consumer products sold globally (excluding parts) 12 / Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012 / GHG Emissions associated with transport of parts and products Samsung Electronics is monitoring CO2 emissions associated with transport of materials, parts and products. The emissions have been increasing by 15% per year on average due to the establishment of new overseas production facilities and an increase in overseas production volume. Efforts are being made to reduce product weight and optimize transport routes to achieve reductions in emissions related to transport. A modal shift to lower GHG emissions is also employed to achieve further reduction. Modal shift (Change in means of transport): Samsung Electronics is changing air transport to maritime transport and road transport to railroad transport to achieve reductions in GHG emissions. Business Travel Emissions Samsung Electronics is monitoring GHG emissions associated with business travel. The emissions have increased by more than 10% due to the establishment of new overseas operation sites and an increase in the number of employees. We are making an effort to reduce business travel-related emissions through measures including the encouragement of the use of mass transportation and video-conferencing systems. GHG Emissions Associated with Business Travel (Korea) (1,000 tons CO2) 113 101 Emissions Associated with Transport of Parts and Products (1,000 tons CO2) 8,440 1 7,430 4,340 5,690 2009 Calculation formula 2010 2011 Air travel: ? [Distance(Km) ? No. of employees travelled ? GHG emissions conversion factor by class] Land transport: ? [No. of employees travelled ? cost (KRW) per travel ? distance 2008 2009 2010 2011 conversion factor (km/KRW) ? emissions conversion factor (ton CO2 /employee ·km)] Management scope: Based on global business travel data by Kore a-based employees Management method: Emission data is automatically calculated using the G-EHS system on a monthly basis and G-ERP Calculation formula: Distance (Km) ? Weight (Kg) ? GHG emission conversion factor by emission sources Management scope: transport of products, materials and parts (transport service paid by business partners are also included) Management method: Monthly emissions are calculated based on logistic data Data scope is 100 percent of global emissions by Samsung Electronics Suppliers’ GHG Emissions Samsung Electronics manages suppliers’ GHG emissions data associated with Samsung Electronics’ business; total GHG emissions of a supplier multiplied by the ratio of sales to Samsung Electronics. Samsung Electronics began monitoring and analysis of GHG emissions from its supplier companies since 2009. We provided training courses to help the suppliers report their GHG emissions. Supplier GHG Emissions 2009 2010 812 4,502 (1,000 tons CO2) Compilation of 2011 supplier data has not been completed as of May 2012. Scope of 2009 and 2010 supplier emissions data is accountable for 40% and 63% respectively of total purchases by Samsung Electronics. Only Korea-based suppliers participated in the 2009 data collection. / Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012 / 13 Corporate GHG Emissions Break-down 2011 GHG Emissions Break-down (1,000 tons CO2) Employee business travel 113 Manufacturing 11,304 Logistics 8,440 Consumer use 32,412 On-site Energy Management Energy Management Structure in Operation Sites The CS Environmental Center at Samsung Electronics created climate stratrgy part to manage energy use at operation sites by conducting tasks including the collection of monthly data and the analysis of the cause of changes in emissions. Bi-monthly GHG and energy working group meetings are also held to share success stories and news on energy saving activities. Energy KPI and Achievements Samsung Electronics has adopted an energy cost rate (%) to assess the ? nancial bene? ts of energy consumption reduction. The 2013 target is 0. 878% with a goal of achieving a 2. 5% reduction per year. We have optimized the operations of manufacturing and utility equipment, introduced energy ef? cient equipment and waste heat recycling facilities to achieve the target. The energy cost rate increased in 2011 compared to 2010, due to an increase in energy consumption and energy price. However, we succeeded in achieving the 2011 target set in 2008. Energy Cost Rate (Korea) Target Actual %) Energy Consumption Intensity Korea Global (tons CO2/KRW 100 million) 0. 982 0. 910 0. 956 0. 849 0. 929 0. 928 74. 7 56. 1 54. 3 66. 1 50. 6 59. 7 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 Energy cost rate (%) = energy cost in manufacturing site (Korea) / Sales (Korea) ? 100 Data scope is 100 percent of both Korea and global emissions 14 / Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012 / Electricity and LNG Consumption Category Korea Indicator Electricity (Gwh) LNG (Mil. Nm ) 3 2009 10,729 148 12,180 174 2010 11,894 170 13,435 197 2011 12,925 197 15,047 237 Global Electricity (Gwh) LNG (Mil. Nm3) Data scope is 100 percent of both Korean and global emissions by Samsung Electronics Energy Saving Activities and Ahievements Samsung Electronics achieved energy use reductions by 171,000 TOE through optimization of manufacturing and utility equipment, installation of high energy ef? ciency equipment, and waste heat recovery. It is equivalent to savings of KRW 70 billion in energy cost and reduction of 370,000 tons CO2. Need for systematic energy management is increasing with the introduction of new policies such as the GHG/Energy target management system enforced by Korea government in 2011. Responding to the change, we implemented the Energy Management System (EnMS) for analysis of energy use status, management of reduction targets, and promotion of energy saving activities in systematic manner. Implementation of the EnMS and other energy management initiatives enabled five production plants in Gumi, Giheung, Hwasung, Onyang and Tangjung to receive international energy management certi? cation (ISO 50001) in 2011. We also implemented ‘Pre-certi? cation of Energy Ef? ciency’ for all energy using devices, equipment, and raw materials to induce energy ef? iency improvement by equipments suppliers and to contribute to energy savings at operation sites. Our ultimate goal is to achieve of GHG emissions reduction and cost reduction at the same time. Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Expansion Plan and Activities Samsung Electronics is developing 1MW of hydro power plant and 1. 4MW scale of solar power system in Korea. we are also expanding the investment on solar cell, smart grids and geothermal heating system. We are investing in the development of photovoltaic cells, smart grid technology, and geothermal heating/cooling systems as a sustainable growth opportunity.

Grammatical Function Definition and Examples

Grammatical Function Definition and Examples Grammatical function is the  syntactic role played by a word or phrase in the context of a particular clause or sentence. Sometimes called simply function. In English, grammatical function is primarily determined by a words position in a sentence, not by inflection (or word endings). Examples and Observations The five elements of clause structure, namely subject, verb, object, complement, and adverbial, are grammatical functions. In addition, we distinguish predicator as the function carried by the main verb in a clause, and predicate as the function assigned to the portion of a clause excluding the subject.​Within phrases, certain types of units can function as modifiers, more specifically as premodifiers or postmodifiers.There is no one-to-one correspondence between functions and their possible formal realizations. Thus the functions of subject and direct object are often realized by a noun phrase, but can also be realized by a clause. (Bas Aarts, Sylvia Chalker, and Edmund Weiner, The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2014.) Linguistic Context and Grammatical Function The production and interpretation of an utterance act is anchored to the constitutive parts of language: syntax, morphology, phonology, semantics, and pragmatics. While syntax is composed of structural units, for instance, constituents in traditional grammar, phrases in functional grammar and generative grammar, groups in systemic functional grammar or constructions in construction grammar, it is the linear ordering of the individual parts within a hierarchically structured sequence which constitutes their grammatical function. The adverb really, for instance, realizes the grammatical function of a sentence adverbial with wide scope if positioned initially or finally, as is the case in the utterance really, Sarah is sweet. If the adverb really is positioned medially, it is assigned the grammatical function of the adverbial of subjunct with narrow scope, as in Sarah is really sweet. Or, the proper noun Mary can realize the grammatical function of object in Sally kissed Mary, and it ca n realize the grammatical function of subject in Mary kissed Sally. Thus, it is not the grammatical construction as such which is assigned a grammatical function. Rather, it is the positioning of a grammatical construction within a hierarchically structured sequence which assigns it a grammatical function. (Anita Fetzer, Contexts in Interaction: Relating Pragmatic Wastebaskets. What Is a Context?: Linguistic Approaches and Challenges, ed. by Rita Finkbeiner, Jà ¶rg Meibauer, and Petra B. Schumacher. John Benjamins, 2012.) The Grammatical Functions of Subjects The most complex grammatical function is that of subject. Consider the example in (1).(1) The tigers hunt prey at night.Tigers precedes the verb. It agrees with the verb in number, as becomes clear when it is made singular: The tiger hunts its prey at night. In the active construction, it is never marked by any preposition. The corresponding full passive clause ... is Prey is hunted by the tigers at night; in the passive clause, the subject of (1), the tigers, turns up inside the prepositional phrase by the tigers.The above criteria- agreement in number with the verb, never being preceded by a preposition, occurring in the by phrase in the passive- are grammatical, and the noun they pick out in a given clause is the grammatical subject of that clause. (Jim Miller, An Introduction to English Syntax. Edinburgh University Press, 2002.) The Grammatical Functions of Direct Objects and Indirect Objects In traditional grammatical descriptions, the grammatical function borne by her in the English example in (41) has sometimes been called the indirect object, and the book has been called the direct object:(41) He gave her a book.The phrase the book is also traditionally assumed to be the direct object in examples like (42):(42) He gave a book to her.The classification of the book as a direct object in both (41) and (42) may have a semantic rather than a syntactic basis: there may be a tendency to assume that the book must bear the same grammatical function in each instance because its semantic role does not change. ... [T]he LFG [lexical-functional grammar] view differs: in example (41), the phrase her bears the OBJ [object] function, while in example (42), the phrase a book is the OBJ.Within the transformational tradition, evidence for the LFG classification for English came from certain formulations of the rule of passivization, which applies uniformly to transform an object into a subject. (Mary Dalrymple, Lexical Functional Grammar. Emerald Group, 2001.)

Analysis of you as a communicator Research Paper

Analysis of you as a communicator - Research Paper Example The old working environment gave the most importance to employee presentation and communication skills but these are not that important in this new work environment. The question therefore arises on the type of communication in the new environment. A new communication channel has therefore gained importance which is currently the biggest communication tool in the entire world. Billions of people use it to communicate with each other using communication tools such as MSN, Facebook, Orkut etc. Thus before analyzing my communication skill, I would insist that internet communication is the most important form of communication in the modern age. Other than that fluency in the usage of language is also very important. The use of gestures in portraying once meaning is equally important in verbal communication. When we talk about written communication, in my perspective the most importance should be given to language quality and presentation. My communication skills are the most strong when it comes to online communication. This is because I have been addicted to computer gaming throughout my childhood. This was a blessing in disguise because it gave me a chance to understand and learn more about computers. I am very good at using different online communication tools. The most favorite tool of mine however is MSN messenger. Users these days are fonder of chatting applications installed on social networks. I am totally expert at using them but still prefer to use MSN messenger because of its extra features. As a member of debating team my childhood was spent in learning new methods of improving my spoken communication tools. This career was however did not endure. As is turns out I am not a natural speaker, and therefore left the debating team. This experience did create a shyness and hesitancy in my nature. I have from that day onwards considered myself a weak verbal communicator. This deficiency has been covered by my v ery good

Efficient Market Hypothesis Of Thai Stock Market Dissertation

Efficient Market Hypothesis Of Thai Stock Market - Dissertation Example Value of Durbin-Watson statistics ranged from 0 to 4. A value of zero or near to zero indicated negative autocorrelation, while the value of 2 or near to 2 indicated a positive correlation. Findings as reported in chapter 4 demonstrate that values of Durbin-Watson test for SET 100 Index within series of daily data, monthly data and quarterly data were 1.014, .607, and 1.129 respectively. Therefore, in the individual cases of SET100 for daily and quarterly data, the Durbin-Watson test values were closer to value two that meant no autocorrelation within the finance sector for SET100 daily and quarterly data for the period of 1st January 2010 to December 2013. However, Durbin-Watson test reported for SET100 on monthly data revealed the autocorrelation within the finance sector of Thailand during 1st January 2010 and December 2013. When looked at the overall results of Durbin-Watson for SET100 Index, It was found that stock exchange market of Thailand was not fully efficient and demonstr ated the weak form of efficiency during the concerned period of four years. Findings of Durbin-Watson test for SET50 Index within series of daily data, monthly data and quarterly data were 1.129, 1.377. Results of SET50 Index within series of data from daily and monthly demonstrated that values nearer to the value of two. On other hands, the result of Durbin-Watson test for SET50 Index within series of data on quarterly showed the value of .706 that indicated autocorrelation in the Finance sector of Thailand during four years period.

Business Analysis Of Next Plc Economics Essay

Business Analysis Of Next Plc Economics Essay We plan to supply an complete lofty stage of repair to all our consumers to greeting them to Next, whether they are shopping in our elevated road, shopping centre or trade commons provisions, the Next Index, or online from side to side our website. Though our clientele prefer to supermarket with us, it should be secure, hospitable and simply reachable for all. We aspire to take action to consumers exacting desires from end to end the box up of actions we have in position, which we suppose chains all our consumers as well as individuals with further wants. P1Values and Objective: The ultimately objective of Next Plc is the delivery of sustainable long term growth in earnings per share. In the current economic environment, it will be very challenging to reverse this years deadline in EPS in the short term and for the year ahead EPS is again expected to reduce. Nevertheless, the board remains convinced that the groups long term objective is best achieved by continuation of the following strategies in its operating business. Improving and developing Next product ranges, success in which is reflected in total sales and like for kike sales performance. Ventura, which provides consumer services organization to regulars wishing to contract out their consumer phone organization and completion activates. Lipsy, which designs and sells its possess recognized younger womens manner goods from first to last extensive, trade and internet channels. Shareholders Influence: Bat always try to keep the commitment that they made with their investors. Under this, share holder can raise any question regarding the operation procedure of Next Plc. And the shareholders can even choose their Board of Director. P2: Shareholders Influence: Bat always try to keep the commitment that they made with their investors. Under this, share holder can raise any question regarding the operation procedure of Bat Plc. And the shareholders can even choose their Board of Director. P3: Responsibility of an organization and strategy Used for Next, company liability resources addressing type commerce connected societal, moral and ecological impacts and ensuring we jog our trade in a accountable way. We observe company accountability as a type constituent of how we behavior our commerce as we consider it makes good quality commerce brains. The areas we have recognized as having everyday jobs are: Our Suppliers we will jobs for helpful societal, moral and ecological improvements in our provide sequence Our Consumers we will job to make sure we gather or go above our consumers prospect from side to side the release of brilliant foods and service Our People we will job to offer a situation where our recruits are supported and appreciated, treated rather and in use worry of, listened to and are provoked to realize their full probable Community we will work to deliver value through our community contributions and support for charities and other organizations Environment we will work to keenly decrease the impacts of our on the business natural environment P4 Economic System The fundamental economic problem in any society is to provide a set of rules for allocating resources and/or consumption among individuals who cant satisfy their wants, given limited resources. The rules that each economic system provides function within a framework of formal institutions (e.g., laws) and informal institutions (e.g., customs). What and how much will be produced? Literally, billions of different outputs could be produced with societys scarce resources. Some mechanism must exist that differentiates between products to be produced and others that remain as either unexploited inventions or as individuals unfulfilled desires. How will it be produced? There are many ways to produce a desired item. It may be possible to use more labor and less capital, or vice versa. For whom will it be produced? Once a commodity is produced, some mechanism must exist that distributes finished products to the ultimate consumers of the product. The mechanism of distribution for these commodities differs by economic system. P5 Impact of Social welfare and Industrial policy In anticipation of ten years ago the term Welfare Work was a expression without meaning in the manufacturing world. In the present day it stands for a specific strategy on the part of employers which may bring about the explanation of many of the irritated problems of labor and resources. The leaven of this rule has already begun to job. A branch of wellbeing work from beginning to end which the business has had a great pressure on the people and the environment of the zone is that of countryside farming. At the time when wellbeing work was on track the environment of the industrial unit were like persons of most manufacturing plant life something but beautiful. Subsequent to the company has made its own goods attractive with lawns, undergrowth and vines, it trained the people of the locality, by lectures and demonstrations, the main beliefs of countryside farming. Consequently of this operation of education the industrial unit locality has been change from a region of stumble -down houses, powder plenty and tin cans to a locality of attractive homes and well set aside yards. P6 The impact of Macro-economic (Monetary and Fisca) l Strategy on the economy There are some differences in the economic effects of financial and economic rule, on the masterpiece of productivity, the helpfulness of the two kinds of rule in assembly the governments macroeconomic objectives, and also the time lags concerned for financial and fiscal rule changes to take effect. We will believe each of these in roll: Effects of Strategy on the Composition of National Output Economic strategy is often seen as incredible of a blunt rule implement upsetting all sectors of the economy even though in unusual ways and with a changeable contact. On the contrary, economic rule can be under attack to involve convinced groups (e.g. increases in resources -tested profit for low earnings households, reductions in the rate of company tax for small- middling sized enterprises, speculation allowances for businesses in sure regions) think as an example the effects of using either fiscal or economic strategy to reach a given raise in national earnings because actual GDP lies below probable GDP (i.e. there is a unnecessary output gap) (i) Pecuniary strategy expansion: Minor awareness rates will lead to an increase in customer and business capital expenses both of which increases national income. Since investment spending results in a larger capital stock, then incomes in the future will also be higher all the way through the impact on LRAS. (ii) Monetary policy extension: An extension in monetary rule adds unswervingly to AD but if financed by advanced government borrowing, this may consequence in advanced interest rates and lower investment. The net result is the same increase in current income. On the other hand, since investment expenses is minor, the investment stock is lower than it would have been, so that future incomes are inferior. In UK lots of multinational organization are operating, Many people from different part of the world also visited in UK for different purposes, if the global economy fall the business of UK based company also fall down. As a result they faces difficulties to earn profit and ultimately the shareholders suffer. P7 Perfect Competition: A market is said to be perfectly competitive when firms perceive that they individually have no noticeable influence on market price. The outcome in such an industry is efficient in the sense that the cost of the last unit of output (marginal cost) would just equal what consumers would be willing to pay for that unit. Perfect competition is a regarded as a benchmark market structure for evaluating other market structures. Market Structure and Competition: The market structures tells us about the environment within which an enterprise functions and the nature of external pressure on the enterprise. The elements of market structure that we look at are concentration ratio, stability of market shares, conditions of entry and exit of firms. FDI Policy Stability of Markets Shares A limitation of the above summary measures of concentration is that they ignore the dynamic changes in the market shares of individual firms. Market shares of dominant firms may increase or decline over time. Greater churning of market shares in given market suggests greater intensity of competition. P8 Market forces and organizational Response: Organizations always response positively toward market forces. The traditional way of management in NEXT had seemed to work successfully, but in todays rapidly changing environment, its ignorance of changes invited risks. The disadvantages of its highly centralized hierarchy and autocratic management style emerged and hindered effective decision making and thus affected its management; while its competitors reacted quickly to the changes and improved their performance to become competitive. The centralized structure didnt allow the store managers and employees to participate in the decision-making process. There was only one-way flow of communication. Employees opinions on a strategy or plan and customers feedback were barely received to the top management. Although Greenbury visited stores frequently to supervise the operations, he could only get false message due to the fear of him among the staff.   This unhealthy phenomenon stimulated the growth of a vicious circle: a poor decision was made based on the poor perception of the internal and external environment; false feedback or no feedback convinced the decision maker, in this case Greenbury, believe that the decision was sound and right and then another decision was made based on such assumptions. P9 Company Summary This segment presents the key details statistics, business explanation, and products services unfilled by the corporation. Key Competitors: This section first selects the competitors based on assets, sales, focus of business, or geographic achieve. Then all the competitors are profiled. Key Industry Strategies of Each Competitor: It talks about the present and future strategies of each business. All industry, marketing, monetary and governmental strategies are discussed here. Relative SWOT Psychiatry: Our comparative SWOT analysis is a valuable step in assessing your companys and you competitors strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. It offers powerful insight into the critical issues affecting a business. Comparative Financial Analysis: This section compares the recent financials of the company and its competitors. The financial performance of each segment of all the companies is also discussed here. The objective is to appraise the financial health of the company vis-à  -vis its competitors. The stock price comparison helps us in evaluating the performance of the company position versus its competitors from an investors standpoint. There is an imperative role for tobacco control advocates in the policy development process in authoritarian agencies. P10: International trade, economic integration and global market The selling and advertising of goods and services crossways national boundaries is known as worldwide trade. International trade is the spinal column of our modern, commercial world, as producers in various nations try to profit from an extended market, rather than be limited to selling within their own boundaries. There are many reasons that trade across national borders occurs, including lower construction costs in one region versus another, dedicated industries, lack or surplus of natural capital and purchaser tastes. One of the most contentious mechanism of global trade in the present day is the lower construction costs of on the rise nations. Both the United States and the European Union have forced severe limitations on imports from Asian nations to try to stem this tide. Obviously, a business that can pay its staff the equivalent of dollars a day, as compared to dollars an hour, has a discrete selling benefit. P11: Impact of two policies on European Union Discussion with UK SME commissioner bodies on familial and European matters consistently shows that the main issue for their members is regulation. The 2007 EU Observatory Survey found that 36% of SMEs within Europe reported that regulations acted as a restraint or had presented difficulties in the before two years. At the same time as progress has been at the EU level, for example on the encouragement of the Think Small First standard and the European Commissions promise to reduce organizational burdens by 25%, we think a much more ambitious set of measures should be introduced An additional important issue is access to finance, where we believe action should be focused on improving the demand side, in meticulous investment readiness, and the supply of modest amounts of finance for entrepreneurs who, for various reasons, are deemed to be a higher risk. In order to grow, SME must also have access to new markets. Generally, exporting firms have been found to benefit from greater efficiency growth than non-exporters. P12: Economic implications for the UK of entry into EMU The UK has to make a decision on membership of EMU in the next two years. The economic and fiscal regimes in the Euro Area and in the UK do not differ greatly. However, we argue that relationship of EMU will increase the steadiness of the economy and the credibility of the policy framework, and hence will enhance the prediction for growth and higher incomes and service. 3. Pricing Strategy: Develop Marketing strategy: do marketing analysis, segmentation, targeting, and positioning. Make marketing mix decision: define the product, distribution, and promotional tactics. Estimate the demand curve: understand how quality demanded varies with price. Calculate cost: include fixed and variable costs associated with the product. Understand environmental factors: evaluate likely competitor actions, understand legal constrains, etc. Set pricing objectives: For example, profit maximization, revenue maximization, or price stabilization. Determine pricing: using information collected in the above steps, steps, select a pricing method, develop the pricing structure, and define discounts. 4. a. a) Total Revenue: 1000000. b) Marginal Revenue: 1200000. c) Total Cost: 1000000. d) Marginal Cost: 800000. b. In order to cover the variable cost the company should produce in BEP that is the company should produce 7 units. c) If the sales price is reduce to 45000 and Marginal cost is 17500 then the profit will be reduce to 100000. d) This is a perfect competitive market. Conclusion: In the last few years, NEXT has experienced the serious declination from a successful market leader to a company struggling against acquisition. The flaws of its traditional formula for success laid some potential problems for the company developement yet it was some key strategic decisions that resulted in the failures. Decision making is a central part in management. Decision making process can be affected by both internal and external constraints such as inadequate or incorrect information about the problem, failure to identify the problem, resistance of employees to change,   poor quality management, lack of resources both financial and physical,   poor communication systems, lack of team work, the organizational; the time available to react, speed of competitor reaction, macro economic forces, changes in consumer preferences, changes in technology, availability and cost of information. Strategic decisions, as long term decisions, require a highly detailed analysis because of their high cost, significance to for a companys long-term development as well as an absence of information and uncertainty. Decisions like market expansion and purchase of Littlewoods stores were strategic decisions. The task of the top management is to concentrate on the strategic decisions. In cases where too much attention from top management is put on the daily operations and routine decisions, problems may occur. Too much emphasis is put on the short-term decisions, so less time and efforts are assigned to the long-term decision making. At the same time, top managements interference in low-level decision making will cause a lack of motivation among employees.